25.12.11

Youth in farming: 11 Ways to Turn Holiday Seasons into your Most Profitable Times

tasty delicious african meal
bananas (matooke), chicken, rice, peas, vegetables - Christmas food
Many people save up to buy lots of food, gifts and clothes during the holiday seasons. The holiday seasons are such as: Christmas holidays, Easter season, Muslim holy days (Idd Mubarak, Idd Aduha), Uganda Martyrs day. These are some of the most celebrated days in Uganda.

These should be the days, for a youth in farming, that should be the most profitable seasons. Why? Because, people are happy and they are in super high gear of buying lots of food or agricultural produce. They have saved the money to buy the best food for themselves and their families. Often people are looking for the biggest turkey, duck, chicken or biggest bunch of bananas that they can find.

Here are 10 ways, how you could turn holiday seasons into your most profitable season of your agricultural business.

  1. Know where each agricultural item is grown or produced in plenty. For instance, turkeys are reared in plenty in eastern Uganda; Chicken and Mangoes are often in high supply and at cheap prices from northern Uganda. Bananas from Masaka and western Uganda. Carefully note all this in a notebook and go to step 2.

  2. Ask your friends. You may not know anyone from where chicken or bananas come from but your friends do. Ask your friends if they can put you in touch with somebody from these different parts of the country. The person they recommend does not have to be a farmer but just anybody who knows the local language and can act as your guide when you visit the town. With time, this person can be your business agent in the town, giving you tips on where to get the cheapest chickens or turkeys.

  3. Make partnerships with farmers. Pay the farmers you are getting produce from very well and on time. Make them more than your friends and support their families. Because it is a business, you are not going to buy from them once, but multiple times. And when you take care of their problems, it is only human, that they take care of your business needs ensuring that produce is available when you need it.

  4. Several modes of receiving payment for agricultural items that you deliver. Make use of so many ways of receiving or paying money such as cash, bank account, Mobile money (MTN, Zap, Warid pesa, Msente). Also make sure that the farmers you work with accept payments via mobile money. This reduces movements with big amounts of cash which can be robbed and delays to have agricultural items delivered to where you need them.

  5. Arrange and organize several months in advance. If it is the Christmas season, start planning and talking to your clients in September. If it is Easter season, start planning in January. A few months before the holiday season, agricultural products are cheaper and more available than within the holiday season itself. Book agricultural supplies from a farmer by putting down a cash deposit, and always make sure to have written agreements and receipts to reduce on disagreements.

  6. Also accept to deliver agricultural produce on credit. Exercise caution and also make sure to have a contract with your client. Big clients such as hotels, supermarkets, restaurants and schools often pay at the end or beginning of the month. They pay well and they pay big money. Having five such clients would make you earn millions in income. The only problem is that they often want big amounts of agricultural items delivered without paying for it immediately. Sit down with your financial planner, draw up a contract and receipts and keep as many of these such clients as you possibly can.

  7. Weigh and sell in weights. For instance chicken in Kampala, is bought on how big it looks instead of how much it weighs. Of course, the bigger the chicken appears, the better the price. Weigh your chicken, turkey or bananas and sell it according how much it weighs. So many people in business earn less for ignoring this. Supermarkets everywhere sell their chicken, bananas or fruit in weights (grammes, kilograms..). You should do that same. 

  8. Be knowledgeable about prices of agricultural produce. You need to know almost how much each agricultural item trades for, both in the cities and out in the country. Also how expensive or cheap the big supermarkets or markets in the cities are. This not only forms how much you are willing to pay for food items from the farmer but also how much you are willing to sell for. Check out our resources page for information about market prices just below the farmers portal headline.

  9. Keep your promises. Be trustworthy and honest. Pay what you owe and tell the truth. Alliances built on lies do not last. Remember you reap what you sow. You may lie to the farmer or your client about a delivery today that does not happen but next time, you may be the one being lied to about getting paid. Deliver on time and if not, inform the client about any delays along the way. 

  10. Go an extra mile to please your loyal clients. Consider offering a discount or surprise them with a free chicken. If you screw up, invest in the client by offering them a surprise. Make them happy. The little gifts you give your client will go a long way in ensuring that the client stays with you. Few salespeople do it to keep their clients. 

  11. Advertise, advertise, advertise to get new clients and expand your business. There are so free ways you can do this using the now easily available information communication tools. Your mobile phone probably has over 100 friends. Send an SMS with an offer of a free chicken to every friend who gets you a client (this is somebody who buys from you). Use free tools such as facebook, Google trader and different farmer portals you can find in our agricultural resources section

  12. You can also grow your income to more than $25,000 a month! You only need passion, to keep learning and hardwork. 
Share with us how you are earning more money during the holidays seasons running an agricultural busines in the comments sections below and thank you for LIKE'g us on facebook.

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20.12.11

15 Major Reasons Youth in Africa Do not Like a Career in Agriculture [UPDATED]

So we ask ourselves, why do youth in Uganda or Africa, in general, do not like agriculture as a business or career? Why do youth hate agriculture so much? Here below are the reasons we came up with, join in and leave your comment below.

Here are 15 reasons youth give as barriers to a successful career in Agriculture:

  1. Agriculture as Intense labour: Young people perceive agriculture as a profession of intense labour, not profitable and unable to support their livelihood compared to white collar jobs. They think agriculture would not afford them to enjoy the pleasures of owning a beautiful home, fast cars, the latest gadgets and mobile phones like what their colleagues in white collar jobs have access to. Yet this thinking is not true, you can make money agriculture such as these five simple ways like vlogging, freelancing and teaching that are available to anyone.

  2. Rural farmer role model: When one talks about agriculture or farming, in the minds of young people, they think of someone far down in a village living in a grass-thatched mud house, who wakes up very early every morning to go dig with a hoe coming back home at sunset. This farmer in their minds, is so far away detached from civilization, wears barely no clothes and is the typical person who lives on less than a dollar a week. This narrow view of agriculture based on the life of a rural farmer should be the same for a business and tech-savvy african youth today. For once, there are plenty of Information communication tools under-used a rural illiterate farmer, that every youth can use to start and grow an agribusiness to prosper to increndible profits, such as a mobile phone and agricultural information you can gain access to, posted on different social media platforms. 

  3. Disincentivising youth to pursue a career in Agriculture: There is very high drive towards industrialization as a way to get Africa out of poverty neglecting role agriculture plays. For instance in Uganda, the government places great emphasis for students to study subjects that lead to careers in medicine, oil, Information Technology (IT) while diminishing the importance and value of a  career in agriculture. Yet we all humans of all ages need to eat food several times a day, which is a result of agricultural activity, to stay alive. If you come to think about it, with a global population of over seven billion people, millions of people are starving to death due to a lack of enough food to eat and as a result, now is the best time to start your agribusiness. 

  4. Negative image of Agriculture and poor tools: African agriculture or farming, is mostly of hoe and machete which makes it very energy and labour intensive. This is the most common example of farmers that almost every young person knows. From an early stage, every young person detests and tries to avoid this sort of life. As a child, if any of us did not want to go to school, our parents would intimidate us with words like “ok, you are going to end like a farmer.. living a very hard life and getting infected with lice and no one is going to want to be near you.”

  5. Agriculture does not have to be a poor man's business: In africa, parents always encourage their children to study to become doctors, accountants, in other-words professionals in white collar jobs. From the onset, farming or a career in agriculture is frowned upon as a poor man's business. 

  6. Agricultural activity as punishment: In primary and secondary school, cultivation of food in the school garden has been used as a punishment for every offence committed at school by the children, which has made many young people hate Agriculture. For failing to get an exam pass mark, you would be made to slash a bush every evening for a week or dig half an acre of potatoes. This punishment often attracted a lot of humiliation from peers, often being laughed at, jeered at and called all sorts of names such as “failures”; “mentally disabled”

  7. Ignorance of value of Agriculture for society: In school, students in the faculty of agriculture are often treated as of little importance by almost everyone while their peers in management sciences, law, computer and medical school are appreciated and held with high esteem. This diminishes the morale to study agriculture, let alone practice it upon graduation. 

  8. Unmotivated students choosing to study agriculture as last resort: Majority of students apply to study agriculture and food sciences after failing to get admitted into desired courses they had initially applied for. Thus, students who enroll in agricultural courses, do it as a fallback plan, not as a field they are passionate about and eager to find success in. They study agriculture because it is an easier alternative and for the sake of having a degree on paper. 

  9. Unattractive incentives to practice agriculture: Youths in farming, often complain that agriculture is not attractive enough in terms of compensation and conditions of service compared to what other professions like law, medicine, or banking offer. In Uganda, there is nothing like compensation apart from your wage or salary. The ultimate agricultural compensation is achieving massive success in an agribusiness that provides more than a daily income for the farmer as well as providing supporting the development within the community.  

  10. Few role models who have succeeded in Agriculture: There are non-existent or few role models who have succeeded in agriculture in the view of eyes of a youth compared with other fields such as banking and public service. This discourages many young graduates who opt to change careers immediately after graduation to other lucrative fields. Yet a few agricultural role models like Emma Naluyima and others who have achieved success in agriculture need to be more highlighted among the youth.

  11. Misappropriated agricultural resources: Agriculture loans are often siphoned by politicians who channel this money meant for genuine farmers into their private accounts to buy new cars, buy huge swathes of land, buy votes and expenses for running for public offices. 

  12. Frustrating youth in gaining funding for Agriculture: There is also the possibility that banks chosen by the government to administer agricultural loans often connive with politicians to put all sorts of obstacles as requirements for youths in order to frustrate them from getting the loans needed to fund agribusiness projects. Often a loan is needed for a big project, yet youth must learn to start small and grow the business over time, such as taking time to collect and make use of abundant food waste that can be turned into biogas, hair extensions, plates, sanitary pads, leather and rearing of maggots that are utilised in animal and poultry feeds.

  13. Banks want quick and huge returns on the loans meant for agricultural projects that they have to give out to youth in farming, but instead they lend out the money out to non-agriculture sectors that would bring in quicker and more lucrative returns. This often means many applications for these agricultural loans especially from young farmers are unfortunately rejected. Here are five agricultural activities you can engage in, without needing a loan, that can make you recurring income such as making short educational videos, teaching, and freelancing to write articles on agriculture that can grow your audience, reputation and income gradually over time.

  14. Few role models who have succeeded in Agriculture: There is a shortage of individuals who are successfully running agricultural businesses earning $25,000 dollars per month from an agribusiness, than in other professions. Youth should be connected to many individuals doing well in Agriculture to act as mentors, counselors and provide career guidance to youth considering a career in agriculture.

  15. Time to success:  Also, youth complain that it takes much longer time to achieve success in the field of agriculture than it would normally take for those in showbiz, politics, oil or banking. Since most youth want money fast, very few are willing to take to a field like agriculture. Yet time to success in agriculture can be shortened depending on how much time you are willing to spend on an activity. For example, if you plant over 200 macadamia trees which produce the most expensive nuts in the world, you are likely to get extremely wealthy after 2-3 years, which is a very short period of time to achieve success. 

  16. As this video below shows, agriculture is not mentioned at all by any of these young people. 
Leave us a comment.

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Online resources include the DISC project

Share with us the reasons youth give for not being interested in a career running an agricultural busines in the comments sections below and thank you for LIKE'g us on facebook. Share article further in your network. 

14.12.11

10 Ways to Earn a Living from Agriculture Without Owning a Farm


Juice from different organic fruits in Uganda
  1. Know the agricultural market prices of food items from different towns or countries (supply + demand). Know what people want and supply it. Buy the food items from places where it is sold cheaply and sell it in places where the food items are demanded highly, thus sold more expensively.

  2. Solve farmer's problems. For instance, many farmers cannot tell fake seeds from genuine high production seeds. Provide the best seeds, pesticides, 

  3. Train farmers in 5 skills required to run a successful agricultural business. The 5 skills that each farmer needs are: group management, savings and financial management, basic business and marketing, technology and innovation, natural resource management for sustainable production.

  4. Buy raw produce from farmers and add value to it. For instance buying ripe bananas, oranges, tomatoes; using the solar fruit drying process, packing and selling them off in supermarkets at higher prices than what the ripe fruits cost.

  5. Set up Cereal bank to store food items. Buy food in seasons of plenty, store it in a food store or cereal bank and sell it off the community at a profit in times of scarcity. Maize, rice, beans, wheat, cassava are often the most demanded for items during dry seasons.

  6. Sell genuine agricultural tools and equipment at affordable rates or on hire purchase scheme. Much of the agricultural machinery is very expensive making many farmers unable to afford them. Selling off genuine tools on a hire purchase scheme to farmers or farmer groups allows more farmers to afford and improve food production.

  7. Offer to help farmers with managing their ICT matters (websites, online presence, SMS, proposals etc). Do not ask for money upfront but have a contract with them that you take a 50% share for any proceeds from your work. Many farmers are ignorant on how information communication technologies (ICTs) can improve production and success of their agricultural farms. They will only be interested and willing to spend money on it if the ICTs start producing results.

  8. Connect farmers with with local and markets abroadBuying at lower prices and exporting the produce abroad in large quantities. This can be flowers or food items all nicely packed ready to be bought off supermarket shelves.

  9. Make a mobile phone App that helps farmers improve production. For instance, a mobile phone application that warns farmers about when the next rainy or dry season is going to be or any other related weather information that may affect their farm produce. The app should work with ordinary phones as well smartphones.

  10. Provide a truck to transport farmers products from their villages to the towns and share the profits. Most rural farmers sell their produce so cheaply because they have no means to transport it off to towns where they would get paid much more than what the community where they live offers.

  11. You may also be interested in our article on how to earn $25,000 per month running an agricultural business. Our agricultural resources section is also full of links to ideas for youth in agriculture. 
Share with us ways you earn a living from agriculture without having your own farm in the comments sections below and thank you for LIKE'g us on facebook.

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10.12.11

20 Ways to Make $25,000 per month running an Agricultural Business

delicious catfish @youthinfarming
fish on a stall in Uganda
Josephine Kiiza, director of St Jude Family Projects at Busense, Kabonera subcounty in Masaka, is of the most successful farmers in Uganda.

At St. Jude family agricultural projects, they practice and train farmers in modern Integrated Organic Farming, a technology where various items on the farm - plants, animals, water and soils, are in such a way contributes directly or indirectly to the other.

A newvision article published in october 2005, mentions that Josephine Kiiza earns Uganda shillings 50 million ($25,000) per month from her 3.7 acre farm, making her a profitable investment in agriculture. As a youth, eager to start a profitable agribusiness, you can duplicate the success of such a farmer using the information and communication technologies to boost your knowledge, networks and continously learn new and better agricultural practices to improve your yields and earnings.

And no need to worry if you do not have a land like Josephine, you might consider insect farming where in a single room you can rear more than 15 million crickets that yield much demanded insect protein, an input in poultry and animal feeds. Here are other ways you can participate in agriculture without having a physical farm, and more here.

Using the St. Jude family projects, as our case study, we are going to try answering the question below.

As a young farmer, how can you earn 50 million ($25,000) or better still earn more money from your agricultural business?

Activities at St. Jude family projects in Masaka, with which they are earning a living:
  1. Rearing exotic cattle - keep just the right number of breeds for mostly producing milk. Do not keep 1000 herds of cattle when your land can only support 6, just because you have them. Chicken droppings when treated, are also used to feed cattle. Acquire breeds that produce alot of milk, disease resistant, grow fast to weigh alot. Animal and poultry droppings can be harvested to produce biogas energy for lighting and cooking, and maggot farming relevant for animal feeds.

  2. Crops - “The crops depend on the animals and the animals depend on the crops" says Josephine Kiiza. Crops such as maize bran, cotton seed cake, soya are good fodder for animals after the fruit has been harvested. And all the agricultural plant waste leftover after harvesting the fruit, such as banana stems, can be used in producing hair extensions, textiles, plates, sanitary pads and more.

  3. Training - naturally, if your agricultural business is doing very well, so many people are going to be interested in learning how you are managing your agribusiness, at a fee. This training can be offered via physical visits to your farm or via online social media platforms, such as youtube, which grant you a global audience. Do not discriminate who can receive your knowledge and expertise. Share your success stories with whomever wants to know. Because you are willing to help other people succeed, more people will also want to help you succeed.

  4. Solar fruit drying - you dry fruits such as jackfruit, sweet bananas, pineapples, tomatoes, mangoes, gonja and exporting them to markets such as Europe at more than $25 per kilo. Also setting up a cereal bank for surplus food crops that can be used up during seasons of scarcity is a good idea. Check out our resources page for a solar fruit drying manual. 

  5. Bee keeping - St. Jude family projects has over 20 beehives from which they harvest honey for export at about shs.9,000 ($5.5) per kilo. You also get Bee propolis, bee wax, pollination of crops. If you need a comprehensive manual on bee keeping, check out our resources page.

  6. Fish farming - harvesting fish after 8months, with a piece of fish selling for 10,000/=. Cow dung, maize flour and rotting vegetables are good food for fish in the ponds. Fighting snakes - place boiled eggs along pond's boundaries, which when swallowed by snake cannot be digested hence killing it. Also polythene sheets around the pond which snakes do not like. Scarecrows and placing damaged tape films across the ponds which make a whistling noise as wind blows scares birds away that want to eat the fish. Check out our resources page for a fish fishing manual.

  7. Bio gas generation - Most valuable are the animals and birds droppings and organic crop waste which are used to generate biogas used for cooking, reducing time required to prepare meals. Using biogas energy for lighting and cooking is sustainable than using fossil fuels or charcoal which is result of cutting down trees. 

  8. Chicken rearing - At St. Jude family projects, they started with 10 local cocks and layers and some exotic species for cross-breeding. Local chicken are disease-resistant, mature and grow fast when well fed.  When they are between six to seven months, they weigh four to five kilogrammes. “We sell them at sh15,000 each,” she says. Check out our resources page for a chicken rearing manual. Be sure to harvest poultry droppings to feed into your biogas and fertilizer production

  9. Pig rearing - "two types of breeds, large white and land race." They feed twice a day on concentrates of maize bran, cotton seed cake, soya, fishmeal and anthill soil, which is rich in iron. Pigs weigh over 200kg, whose droppings are used to make biogas and composite manure for crops. Pork is often more expensive than beef with asking price for kilo as 9,000/=. Check out our resources page for a pig rearing manual.

  10. Grafting - Nursery of grafted fruit tree cuttings; fast growing fruit trees such as mangoes, oranges, lemons, avocado and passion fruit creepers. So many farmers still do not know how to apply this technique on their farms, providing such seedlings can be a great income source.

  11. Fuel saving stoves and fireplaces - bringing the technology of fuel saving stoves closer to your community at a time when firewood is becoming more scarce and expensive can be very a great income source. Often the stoves are easy to make out of clay using a do-it-yourself method.

  12. Mushroom and Vegetables growing - Mushrooms are a delicacy but they are not easy for young farmers to grow. Check out our resources page for a mushrooms and vegetable growing manuals.

  13. Rainwater harvesting - collecting roof water whenever it rains and keeping it in an underground tank is an often neglected way to have access to water especially in places where water sources are very far off. Having a big water storage tank can quickly become a goldmine during the dry seasons when water becomes extremely scarce and thus more expensive. Check out our resources page for a rainwater harvesting manual.

  14. Making compost manure - livestock and poultry droppings are used both as compost and renewable source of biogas. Organic waste from vegetables or from cooking at home can also be thrown onto the manure heap instead of becoming a hygiene problem as in many communities.

  15. Rearing exotic goats for milk and meat - fast growing and high producing goats are now available. In their prime, milk goats can produce about 4 liters of milk every day. Check out our resources page for a goats rearing manual.

  16. Methods of irrigation (drip irrigation, plant tea irrigation) - most farmers only depend on the rainy season which has become very unpredictable. More than ever, more farmers need to learn and use irrigation as a method of growing food. Africa needs to spend less money on importing food plus feeding our ever growing population. 

  17. Provide accommodation for visitors - if you can, set up structures for housing visitors who come to visit your agricultural projects. This is a generous way to contribute to the sustainability of your farm. When you provide accommodation, make sure the visitors eat food and products produced on the farm such as eggs, chicken, milk, vegetables, bananas...

  18. Share what you are doing and your farming success with the rest of the community any way you can. 

  19. Network with other farmer groups or agricultural institutions - do not stay in one corner with what you are doing, and stop learning. Networking and learning how other farmers and experts are doing, is a good way to know what works and adopting new farming methods that increase production. Check out our resources page for a farmer's communities and publications.

  20. Plant trees - fruit trees, medicine trees for their shade and environmental protection, such as macadamia trees that produce the world's most expensive nutsNeem trees are useful for healing many diseases and repelling mosquitoes. Mangoes and Mutuba tree leaves are good fodder for goats and shade. Trees planted along trenches control soil erosion. They also are used to provide wood for fuel. 

  21. Take it a step further, use information communication technologies (ICTs) to improve your agricultural business. Also having the 5 important skill sets for running a successful agricultural business that most farmers are not aware of, would be very good.
As a young farmer, you can do this and earn this much or even more sums of money from practicing agriculture. Do not let anything frustrate your efforts from becoming a successful young farmer.

What? You do not have land??

Yes, you do! 

The land may not be your own. You can take loan of your neighbour's land or use pots. You can farm someone else's land and share with them the proceeds from the farm-land. So many people can accept such a deal instead of having their land grow weeds and bushes whole year round.

As a youth in farming, there are funds from the Ugandan government and other opportunities that are meant to help you you succeed in farming. If you do not ask to use these funds, they will be returned to the government treasury at the end of the budget year leaving you poor as before. 

If you read more about Josephine Kiiza and how they started St. Jude family projects agricultural farm, you will be surprised that they absolutely nothing, just ruins from the 1986 Ugandan war.

What you need to have to earn over $25,000 running an agricultural business is

Interest. Passion. Willing to work hard at it; as Josephine Kiiza mentions in this article.

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9.12.11

5 Must-have Skills Sets For Youth in Farming

five must have skillsets
Five skill sets youth in farming must have
This from an extensive research study conducted by Catholic Relief Services and Ciat which involved interviewing 40 farmer groups with over 1000 members on 3 different continents.

The 5 skill sets which are important for running a successful agricultural business are discussed in their  video below.

The 5 important skills sets are:
  1. Group management, 
  2. Savings and financial management, 
  3. Basic business and marketing, 
  4. Technology and Innovation
  5. Natural resource management for sustainable production
Preparing Farmer Groups to Engage Successfully with Markets, which is a comprehensive report covering all the 5 skill sets in agriculture is can be download from the Catholic Relief Services (CRS) website.


Notes from the five skill sets video above

What skills might you need if you started an agricultural business?

  1. Group organization management
  2. For a small farmer groups 20 - 25 people. If they are going to stay together and manage themselves effectively over time, they need adhere to the principles of good self governance, and they need to be able to set and achieve common objectives.

  3. Savings and financial management, 
  4. Very vital for individuals and groups to successfully move out of poverty.
    Individuals within a group contribute small amounts of money on a regular basis to a group savings fund, and when that fund grows and give each other small loans to individuals within the group.

    The poor face adversity everyday, in an emergency,  for instance when the child falls sick, they either need money on credit or they need to sell off their assets such as chickens, goats or crops.

    Obviously, If they regularly sell off their assets, they can never accumulate enough assets to move out of poverty.

    So access to savings and credit provide an absolutely vital buffer  While they are saving and managing their funds in these  groups, they are also learning alot about other vital important financial skills.

  5. Basic business and marketing skills
  6. Important if people are going to engage effectively with markets.

    In addition to basic numeracy and book keeping skills, group members need to be able to identify what are real and authentic market opportunities within their area and they also need to understand the value chains associated with those commodities in-order to understand the best entry points for them and their group.

  7. Technology and Innovation
  8. As soon as the groups become involved in business, they understand that they need to access and apply new technology.

    They immediately need to improve the productivity, profitability and often their product quality in order to stay competitive.

    They need to know where to access the relevant information within their communities, how to systematically evaluate that technology, decide what is most relevant within their system and how to apply those innovations within their system to achieve the results they want.

    One thing to consider within this process, is the potential power of the Internet.

  9. Natural resource management for sustainable production 
  10. Everyone is aware that Natural resources are disappearing very rapidly especially in rural areas of the developing world.

    Forests and trees, water resources, soil and soil fertility are all in rapid decline and when they are gone, so are the potential livelihoods of rural populations.

    Rural communities have a great need to understand the principles and methods for protecting the productivity of their existing resources and even better to enhance the productivity of natural resources available to them.

    When they understand the principles of natural resource management, and options that are available, they can work with those to design their own systems. Often the potential to improve livelihoods this way is often enormous.

Benefits from combining all the 5 skill sets in agriculture;

  • Increases in volume of 4 fold of product sold
  • Increase in price received for product, 30 -50%
  • Increase in number of participants in the collective marketing process, from 5000 to more than 9000 farmers
  • Increases in sales, new farmer groups negotiated better sales for their produce.
More on the benefits of the 5 skills sets in agriculture, the report How a Savings-led Microfinance has Improved Chickpea Marketing in the Lake Zone of Tanzania provides more insight. 
"..The Chickenpea production and marketing study at how savings-led microfinance has helped farmer groups in Tanzania successfully address the challenges they face."

Resources:

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